Common Data Types

All shared data types used across VIZ Ledger protocol operations and virtual operations.

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Primitive Types

C++ type	JSON representation	Description
string	string	UTF-8 string
bool	boolean	true / false
uint8_t	integer	Unsigned 8-bit integer
uint16_t	integer	Unsigned 16-bit integer (0–65535)
int16_t	integer	Signed 16-bit integer (−32768–32767)
uint32_t	integer	Unsigned 32-bit integer
int32_t	integer	Signed 32-bit integer
uint64_t	string or integer	Unsigned 64-bit integer — use string in JavaScript to avoid overflow
int64_t	string or integer	Signed 64-bit integer
share_type	integer	Alias for safe<int64_t> — token amount in satoshi units
time_point_sec	string	ISO 8601 UTC datetime: "2024-01-15T12:00:00" (no timezone suffix)

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account_name_type

A fixed-length string (max 16 bytes) identifying an account. Rules:

• Dot-separated labels; each label is at least 3 characters.
• Begins with a letter, ends with a letter or digit.
• Only lowercase letters (a–z), digits (0–9), hyphens (-).
• Minimum length: 2 characters (CHAIN_MIN_ACCOUNT_NAME_LENGTH).
• Maximum length: 16 characters (CHAIN_MAX_ACCOUNT_NAME_LENGTH).

JSON: plain string — "alice", "alice.bob"

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public_key_type

A secp256k1 compressed public key encoded as base58check with a VIZ prefix.

JSON: string — "VIZ5hqSa4NkEZGAMUpoH5EaEr64mBJuMcPpGjvk8qb7hcPFTbXSQ9"

• Prefix must be VIZ (not STM, GLS, or any other).
• Encoded from a 33-byte compressed public key + 4-byte checksum = 37 bytes total, base58-encoded.

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asset

Represents a token amount with its symbol. In JSON API responses and operation parameters, serialized as a human-readable string:

"10.000 VIZ"
"5.000000 SHARES"

Token symbols

Symbol	String	Decimals	Description
TOKEN_SYMBOL	VIZ	3	Main liquid token
SHARES_SYMBOL	SHARES	6	Vesting shares (staked VIZ)

When constructing operations, always use the string format. Parse by splitting on the space character: amount part left, symbol right. VIZ uses 3 decimal places; SHARES uses 6.

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authority

Multi-signature authority structure controlling an account permission level.

{
  "weight_threshold": 1,
  "account_auths": [
    ["alice", 1]
  ],
  "key_auths": [
    ["VIZ5hqSa4NkEZGAMUpoH5EaEr64mBJuMcPpGjvk8qb7hcPFTbXSQ9", 1]
  ]
}

Field	Type	Description
weight_threshold	uint32_t	Minimum total weight required to satisfy authority
account_auths	[[account_name, weight], ...]	Account-based signers
key_auths	[[public_key, weight], ...]	Key-based signers

The sum of weights for the satisfied signers must be ≥ weight_threshold. An empty authority is { "weight_threshold": 0, "account_auths": [], "key_auths": [] }.

Authority levels

Level	Used for
master	Highest security — changing keys, account recovery
active	Token operations — transfer, vesting, validator voting
regular	Social operations — content, awards, committee voting

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beneficiary_route_type

Specifies a beneficiary and their reward share for content payouts.

{ "account": "alice", "weight": 2500 }

Field	Type	Description
account	account_name_type	Beneficiary account
weight	uint16_t	Share in basis points (10000 = 100%)

• The sum of all beneficiary weights must not exceed 10000.
• Beneficiaries must be sorted by account name (ascending) in the array.
• Each beneficiary account must exist on-chain.

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extensions_type

Currently unused — always serialized as an empty array.

"extensions": []

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versioned_chain_properties

A static variant holding one of the chain properties versions. Serialized as a 2-element array [type_index, object].

Index	Type
0	chain_properties_init
1	chain_properties_hf4
2	chain_properties_hf6
3	chain_properties_hf9 (current)

See Chain Properties for the full field reference per version.

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operation (static variant)

Every operation is serialized as a 2-element array: [type_id, operation_object].

Regular operations (user-broadcast)

ID	Operation
0	vote_operation (deprecated)
1	content_operation (deprecated)
2	transfer_operation
3	transfer_to_vesting_operation
4	withdraw_vesting_operation
5	account_update_operation
6	validator_update_operation
7	account_validator_vote_operation
8	account_validator_proxy_operation
9	delete_content_operation (deprecated)
10	custom_operation
11	set_withdraw_vesting_route_operation
12	request_account_recovery_operation
13	recover_account_operation
14	change_recovery_account_operation
15	escrow_transfer_operation
16	escrow_dispute_operation
17	escrow_release_operation
18	escrow_approve_operation
19	delegate_vesting_shares_operation
20	account_create_operation
21	account_metadata_operation
22	proposal_create_operation
23	proposal_update_operation
24	proposal_delete_operation
25	chain_properties_update_operation
35	committee_worker_create_request_operation
36	committee_worker_cancel_request_operation
37	committee_vote_request_operation
43	create_invite_operation
44	claim_invite_balance_operation
45	invite_registration_operation
46	versioned_chain_properties_update_operation
47	award_operation
50	set_paid_subscription_operation
51	paid_subscribe_operation
54	set_account_price_operation
55	set_subaccount_price_operation
56	buy_account_operation
58	use_invite_balance_operation
60	fixed_award_operation
61	target_account_sale_operation

Virtual operations (blockchain-generated, not broadcastable)

ID	Operation
26	author_reward_operation
27	curation_reward_operation
28	content_reward_operation
29	fill_vesting_withdraw_operation
30	shutdown_validator_operation
31	hardfork_operation
32	content_payout_update_operation
33	content_benefactor_reward_operation
34	return_vesting_delegation_operation
38	committee_cancel_request_operation
39	committee_approve_request_operation
40	committee_payout_request_operation
41	committee_pay_request_operation
42	validator_reward_operation
48	receive_award_operation
49	benefactor_award_operation
52	paid_subscription_action_operation
53	cancel_paid_subscription_operation
57	account_sale_operation
59	expire_escrow_ratification_operation
62	bid_operation
63	outbid_operation

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Transaction Construction

A signed transaction contains:

Field	Value
ref_block_num	head_block_number & 0xFFFF
ref_block_prefix	bytes 4–7 of block_id as little-endian uint32
expiration	UTC time string; max ~60 s from broadcast time recommended
operations	Array of [type_id, object] pairs
extensions	Always []
signatures	Array of compact hex-encoded ECDSA signatures

Signing: sha256(chain_id + serialized_transaction_body) → compact ECDSA signature over secp256k1.

Private keys: WIF format (base58check, version byte 0x80).

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Energy System

Energy is used by award-type operations.

• Stored in basis points: 0–10000 (0%–100%).
• Regenerates at 100% per 24 hours (CHAIN_ENERGY_REGENERATION_SECONDS = 86400).
• Current energy: min(10000, last_energy + elapsed_seconds × 10000 / 86400).

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See also: Operations Overview, Virtual Operations, Chain Properties.