Virtual Operations

Virtual operations are generated by the blockchain itself during block processing. They are never broadcast by users — they appear only in account history and block data for informational purposes.

Virtual operations share the same operation variant as regular operations but carry higher type IDs. They can be observed via the account_history API or block streaming.

Content Payouts (deprecated)

`author_reward_operation` (ID 26)

Trigger: Content post payout

Fired when an author receives their reward share from a content payout.

Field	Type	Description
`author`	`account_name_type`	Content author
`permlink`	`string`	Content permlink
`token_payout`	`asset` (VIZ)	Liquid VIZ portion
`vesting_payout`	`asset` (SHARES)	Vested portion

`curation_reward_operation` (ID 27)

Trigger: Content post payout

Fired when a curator receives their curation reward.

Field	Type	Description
`curator`	`account_name_type`	Curator account
`reward`	`asset` (SHARES)	Curation reward
`content_author`	`account_name_type`	Author of curated content
`content_permlink`	`string`	Permlink of curated content

`content_reward_operation` (ID 28)

Trigger: Content post payout

Fired when a post reaches its payout time.

Field	Type	Description
`author`	`account_name_type`	Content author
`permlink`	`string`	Content permlink
`payout`	`asset`	Total payout amount

`content_payout_update_operation` (ID 32)

Trigger: Content payout recalculation (e.g. after vote changes)

Field	Type	Description
`author`	`account_name_type`	Content author
`permlink`	`string`	Content permlink

`content_benefactor_reward_operation` (ID 33)

Trigger: Content post payout — fires for each beneficiary

Field	Type	Description
`benefactor`	`account_name_type`	Beneficiary account
`author`	`account_name_type`	Content author
`permlink`	`string`	Content permlink
`reward`	`asset`	Beneficiary reward share

Vesting Withdrawals

`fill_vesting_withdraw_operation` (ID 29)

Trigger: Each vesting withdrawal interval fires

Fired once per interval for each active withdrawal route.

Field	Type	Description
`from_account`	`account_name_type`	Account withdrawing
`to_account`	`account_name_type`	Destination account (may differ via withdrawal route)
`withdrawn`	`asset` (SHARES)	SHARES amount withdrawn this interval
`deposited`	`asset`	Deposited to `to_account` (VIZ, or SHARES if `auto_vest = true`)

json

[29, {
  "from_account": "alice",
  "to_account": "alice",
  "withdrawn": "35.714285 SHARES",
  "deposited": "10.000 VIZ"
}]

`return_vesting_delegation_operation` (ID 34)

Trigger: End of 7-day return window after delegate_vesting_shares_operation with zero amount

Field	Type	Description
`account`	`account_name_type`	Account receiving returned SHARES
`vesting_shares`	`asset` (SHARES)	SHARES returned from limbo

Validator Operations

`shutdown_validator_operation` (ID 30)

Trigger: Validator deactivated due to insufficient vote weight

Field	Type	Description
`owner`	`account_name_type`	Validator that was shut down

`validator_reward_operation` (ID 42)

Trigger: Block produced — validator receives block reward

Field	Type	Description
`witness`	`account_name_type`	Validator account
`shares`	`asset` (SHARES)	Block reward

json

[42, {
  "witness": "alice",
  "shares": "1.234567 SHARES"
}]

Network Events

`hardfork_operation` (ID 31)

Trigger: Network hardfork activates

Field	Type	Description
`hardfork_id`	`uint32_t`	Hardfork number

Awards

`receive_award_operation` (ID 48)

Trigger: award_operation or fixed_award_operation

Fired for the primary receiver of an award.

Field	Type	Description
`initiator`	`account_name_type`	Account that gave the award
`receiver`	`account_name_type`	Account that received the award
`custom_sequence`	`uint64_t`	App-defined sequence from the award operation
`memo`	`string`	Memo from the award operation
`shares`	`asset` (SHARES)	SHARES received

json

[48, {
  "initiator": "alice",
  "receiver": "bob",
  "custom_sequence": 0,
  "memo": "great article!",
  "shares": "5.000000 SHARES"
}]

`benefactor_award_operation` (ID 49)

Trigger: award_operation or fixed_award_operation with beneficiaries

Fired once per beneficiary.

Field	Type	Description
`initiator`	`account_name_type`	Account that gave the award
`benefactor`	`account_name_type`	Beneficiary account
`receiver`	`account_name_type`	Primary receiver of the award
`custom_sequence`	`uint64_t`	App-defined sequence
`memo`	`string`	Memo from the award operation
`shares`	`asset` (SHARES)	SHARES received by beneficiary

Committee

`committee_cancel_request_operation` (ID 38)

Trigger: Committee funding request expires without reaching approval threshold

Field	Type	Description
`request_id`	`uint32_t`	ID of the cancelled request

`committee_approve_request_operation` (ID 39)

Trigger: Committee funding request reaches the required approval threshold

Field	Type	Description
`request_id`	`uint32_t`	ID of the approved request

`committee_payout_request_operation` (ID 40)

Trigger: Committee request payout is processed

Field	Type	Description
`request_id`	`uint32_t`	ID of the paid request

`committee_pay_request_operation` (ID 41)

Trigger: Worker receives payment from the committee fund

Field	Type	Description
`worker`	`account_name_type`	Worker account
`request_id`	`uint32_t`	Committee request ID
`tokens`	`asset` (VIZ)	Amount paid to worker

json

[41, {
  "worker": "alice",
  "request_id": 42,
  "tokens": "250.000 VIZ"
}]

Paid Subscriptions

`paid_subscription_action_operation` (ID 52)

Trigger: paid_subscribe_operation executed, or auto-renewal payment processed

Field	Type	Description
`subscriber`	`account_name_type`	Subscriber account
`account`	`account_name_type`	Subscription provider
`level`	`uint16_t`	Subscription tier
`amount`	`asset` (VIZ)	Payment amount
`period`	`uint16_t`	Number of periods
`summary_duration_sec`	`uint64_t`	Cumulative subscription duration (seconds)
`summary_amount`	`asset` (VIZ)	Total amount paid to date

`cancel_paid_subscription_operation` (ID 53)

Trigger: Subscription expires, or insufficient balance for auto-renewal

Field	Type	Description
`subscriber`	`account_name_type`	Subscriber account
`account`	`account_name_type`	Subscription provider

Account Market

`account_sale_operation` (ID 57)

Trigger: buy_account_operation completes successfully

Field	Type	Description
`account`	`account_name_type`	Account that was sold
`price`	`asset` (VIZ)	Sale price
`buyer`	`account_name_type`	Buyer account
`seller`	`account_name_type`	Seller (payment recipient)

json

[57, {
  "account": "alice",
  "price": "1000.000 VIZ",
  "buyer": "bob",
  "seller": "alice"
}]

`bid_operation` (ID 62)

Trigger: New bid placed on an account listed for auction

Field	Type	Description
`account`	`account_name_type`	Account being bid on
`bidder`	`account_name_type`	Account placing the bid
`bid`	`asset` (VIZ)	Bid amount

`outbid_operation` (ID 63)

Trigger: A previous bid is replaced by a higher bid

Fired for the outbid account; the previous bid amount is returned.

Field	Type	Description
`account`	`account_name_type`	Account being bid on
`bidder`	`account_name_type`	Account that was outbid
`bid`	`asset` (VIZ)	Returned bid amount

Escrow

`expire_escrow_ratification_operation` (ID 59)

Trigger: Escrow ratification_deadline missed — neither to nor agent approved in time

All locked funds return to from.

Field	Type	Description
`from`	`account_name_type`	Original escrow sender
`to`	`account_name_type`	Intended recipient
`agent`	`account_name_type`	Escrow agent
`escrow_id`	`uint32_t`	Escrow ID
`token_amount`	`asset` (VIZ)	Returned token amount
`fee`	`asset` (VIZ)	Returned fee (agent not paid since escrow was not ratified)
`ratification_deadline`	`time_point_sec`	Deadline that was missed

See also: Operations Overview, Awards, Committee.

Virtual Operations ​

Content Payouts (deprecated) ​

author_reward_operation (ID 26) ​

curation_reward_operation (ID 27) ​

content_reward_operation (ID 28) ​

content_payout_update_operation (ID 32) ​

content_benefactor_reward_operation (ID 33) ​

Vesting Withdrawals ​

fill_vesting_withdraw_operation (ID 29) ​

return_vesting_delegation_operation (ID 34) ​

Validator Operations ​

shutdown_validator_operation (ID 30) ​

validator_reward_operation (ID 42) ​

Network Events ​

hardfork_operation (ID 31) ​

Awards ​

receive_award_operation (ID 48) ​

benefactor_award_operation (ID 49) ​

Committee ​

committee_cancel_request_operation (ID 38) ​

committee_approve_request_operation (ID 39) ​

committee_payout_request_operation (ID 40) ​

committee_pay_request_operation (ID 41) ​

Paid Subscriptions ​

paid_subscription_action_operation (ID 52) ​

cancel_paid_subscription_operation (ID 53) ​

Account Market ​

account_sale_operation (ID 57) ​

bid_operation (ID 62) ​

outbid_operation (ID 63) ​

Escrow ​

expire_escrow_ratification_operation (ID 59) ​

Virtual Operations

Content Payouts (deprecated)

`author_reward_operation` (ID 26)

`curation_reward_operation` (ID 27)

`content_reward_operation` (ID 28)

`content_payout_update_operation` (ID 32)

`content_benefactor_reward_operation` (ID 33)

Vesting Withdrawals

`fill_vesting_withdraw_operation` (ID 29)

`return_vesting_delegation_operation` (ID 34)

Validator Operations

`shutdown_validator_operation` (ID 30)

`validator_reward_operation` (ID 42)

Network Events

`hardfork_operation` (ID 31)

Awards

`receive_award_operation` (ID 48)

`benefactor_award_operation` (ID 49)

Committee

`committee_cancel_request_operation` (ID 38)

`committee_approve_request_operation` (ID 39)

`committee_payout_request_operation` (ID 40)

`committee_pay_request_operation` (ID 41)

Paid Subscriptions

`paid_subscription_action_operation` (ID 52)

`cancel_paid_subscription_operation` (ID 53)

Account Market

`account_sale_operation` (ID 57)

`bid_operation` (ID 62)

`outbid_operation` (ID 63)

Escrow

`expire_escrow_ratification_operation` (ID 59)