Validator Operations

---

validator_update_operation (ID 6)

Auth: active of owner

Registers or updates a validator node. Setting block_signing_key to the null key removes the validator from block production.

Field	Type	Description
owner	account_name_type	Validator account name
url	string	Validator website or info URL (non-empty, max 256 bytes)
block_signing_key	public_key_type	Key used to sign produced blocks

[6, {
  "owner": "alice",
  "url": "https://alice.example.com",
  "block_signing_key": "VIZ5hqSa4NkEZGAMUpoH5EaEr64mBJuMcPpGjvk8qb7hcPFTbXSQ9"
}]

• Null key (deactivate): "VIZ1111111111111111111111111111111114T1Anm" — removes from block production without deleting the validator record.
• Broadcasting this operation requires validator_declaration_fee (paid to the committee fund).

---

chain_properties_update_operation (ID 25)

Auth: active of owner

Votes on base chain properties (chain_properties_init format). The on-chain value is the median across all active validators.

Field	Type	Description
owner	account_name_type	Validator casting the vote
props	chain_properties_init	Proposed chain parameters

[25, {
  "owner": "alice",
  "props": {
    "account_creation_fee": "1.000 VIZ",
    "maximum_block_size": 65536,
    "create_account_delegation_ratio": 10,
    "create_account_delegation_time": 2592000,
    "min_delegation": "1.000 VIZ",
    "min_curation_percent": 0,
    "max_curation_percent": 10000,
    "bandwidth_reserve_percent": 1000,
    "bandwidth_reserve_below": "1.000000 SHARES",
    "flag_energy_additional_cost": 1000,
    "vote_accounting_min_rshares": 0,
    "committee_request_approve_min_percent": 1000
  }
}]

• All percent fields are in basis points (0–10000).
• min_curation_percent must be ≤ max_curation_percent.
• Use versioned_chain_properties_update_operation (ID 46) for extended HF9+ properties.

---

versioned_chain_properties_update_operation (ID 46)

Auth: active of owner

Votes on versioned chain properties supporting all hardfork extensions. Preferred over chain_properties_update_operation for current nodes.

Field	Type	Description
owner	account_name_type	Validator casting the vote
props	versioned_chain_properties	Versioned props serialized as [index, object]

[46, {
  "owner": "alice",
  "props": [3, {
    "account_creation_fee": "1.000 VIZ",
    "maximum_block_size": 65536,
    "create_account_delegation_ratio": 10,
    "create_account_delegation_time": 2592000,
    "min_delegation": "1.000 VIZ",
    "min_curation_percent": 0,
    "max_curation_percent": 10000,
    "bandwidth_reserve_percent": 1000,
    "bandwidth_reserve_below": "1.000000 SHARES",
    "flag_energy_additional_cost": 1000,
    "vote_accounting_min_rshares": 0,
    "committee_request_approve_min_percent": 1000,
    "inflation_validator_percent": 2000,
    "inflation_ratio_committee_vs_reward_fund": 1000,
    "inflation_recalc_period": 28800,
    "data_operations_cost_additional_bandwidth": 0,
    "validator_miss_penalty_percent": 100,
    "validator_miss_penalty_duration": 86400,
    "create_invite_min_balance": "1.000 VIZ",
    "committee_create_request_fee": "1.000 VIZ",
    "create_paid_subscription_fee": "1.000 VIZ",
    "account_on_sale_fee": "10.000 VIZ",
    "subaccount_on_sale_fee": "1.000 VIZ",
    "validator_declaration_fee": "1.000 VIZ",
    "withdraw_intervals": 28
  }]
}]

• props is a static variant: use index 3 for chain_properties_hf9 (current).
• See Data Types for the full field list per version index.

---

account_validator_vote_operation (ID 7)

Auth: active of account

Votes for or removes a vote from a validator. The top 21 validators by cumulative vote weight produce blocks.

Field	Type	Description
account	account_name_type	Voting account
witness	account_name_type	Validator to vote for
approve	bool	true to add vote, false to remove vote

[7, {
  "account": "alice",
  "witness": "bob",
  "approve": true
}]

• Voting weight is proportional to the voter's SHARES stake.
• approve: false removes a previously cast vote.

---

account_validator_proxy_operation (ID 8)

Auth: active of account

Delegates all validator voting to a proxy account. All existing direct votes are removed when a proxy is set.

Field	Type	Description
account	account_name_type	Account setting the proxy
proxy	account_name_type	Proxy account; "" removes the proxy

[8, {
  "account": "alice",
  "proxy": "bob"
}]

• proxy: "" (empty string) removes the proxy and restores direct voting.
• Cannot set proxy to self.
• Proxy chains are resolved transitively (A→B→C); maximum chain depth is enforced.
• Setting a proxy removes all direct validator votes.

---

See also: Data Types, Operations Overview, Chain Properties.