Content Operations

Deprecation notice: vote_operation (ID 0), content_operation (ID 1), and delete_content_operation (ID 9) are deprecated. They remain in the operation variant for historical and archive compatibility but should not be used in new code. custom_operation (ID 10) is the active general-purpose data channel.

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content_operation (deprecated) (ID 1)

Auth: regular of author

Creates or updates a content object (post or comment). Content is addressed by author + permlink.

Field	Type	Description
parent_author	account_name_type	Author of parent content; "" for a root post
parent_permlink	string	Permlink of parent; acts as category tag for root posts
author	account_name_type	Content author
permlink	string	Unique identifier within the author's namespace
title	string	Post title
body	string	Post body (Markdown)
curation_percent	int16_t	Curation reward share in basis points (0–10000)
json_metadata	string	JSON metadata string
extensions	content_extensions_type	Optional beneficiary list

Beneficiary extension format (inside extensions):

[[0, {
  "beneficiaries": [
    {"account": "bob", "weight": 2500}
  ]
}]]

• parent_author == "" → root post; otherwise a comment.
• permlink must be unique per author.
• curation_percent must be within the chain's [min_curation_percent, max_curation_percent] range.
• Beneficiary weights must sum to ≤ 10000 and be sorted by account name ascending.

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vote_operation (deprecated) (ID 0)

Auth: regular of voter

Casts a weighted vote on a piece of content.

Field	Type	Description
voter	account_name_type	Voting account
author	account_name_type	Content author
permlink	string	Content permlink
weight	int16_t	Vote weight: negative = flag, positive = upvote, 0 = remove vote

• weight range: −10000 to 10000.
• Flag votes may incur extra energy cost (flag_energy_additional_cost chain property).

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delete_content_operation (deprecated) (ID 9)

Auth: regular of author

Deletes a content object.

Field	Type	Description
author	account_name_type	Content author
permlink	string	Content permlink to delete

• Content with a pending payout cannot be deleted.

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custom_operation (ID 10)

Auth: active or regular of signers (at least one)

Posts arbitrary JSON data to the blockchain. Used by applications to build custom on-chain protocols.

Field	Type	Description
required_active_auths	flat_set<account_name_type>	Accounts requiring active-key signatures
required_regular_auths	flat_set<account_name_type>	Accounts requiring regular-key signatures
id	string	Application-defined namespace identifier (max 32 characters)
json	string	Valid UTF-8 JSON payload

[10, {
  "required_active_auths": [],
  "required_regular_auths": ["alice"],
  "id": "my_app",
  "json": "{\"action\":\"follow\",\"target\":\"bob\"}"
}]

• At least one of required_active_auths or required_regular_auths must be non-empty.
• Accounts in required_active_auths must sign with their active key.
• Accounts in required_regular_auths must sign with their regular key.
• Both sets may be populated simultaneously for multi-authority operations.
• The json field is counted as a data operation — may incur additional bandwidth cost (data_operations_cost_additional_bandwidth chain property).

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See also: Data Types, Operations Overview, Awards.